|
.
.
|
Gemstones
|
Colour |
H |
RI |
Bi |
SG |
Crystal system |
Chemical composition |
|
actinolite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| amber |
- |
R |
O |
Y |
- |
- |
Br |
- |
- |
2 1/2 |
1.54 |
I |
1.05-1.10 |
non-crystalin |
organic, fosil |
| andalusite |
- |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
Gr |
Bl |
7 1/2 |
1.63-1.64 B- |
0.007-0.013 |
3.15-3.20 |
ortorombic |
Aluminium
silicate |
| apatite |
- |
R |
- |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
P |
- |
5 |
1.63-1.64 U- |
0.002-0.006 |
3.17-3.23 |
hexagonal |
- |
|
benitoit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| beryl |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Gr |
- |
7 - 7 1/2 |
1.56-1.59 U |
.004 -.009 |
2.7to2.9 |
hexagonal |
Be3Al2(SiO3) 6 |
| calcite |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Vi |
Gr |
3 |
1.48-1.66 U- |
0.172 |
2.58-2.75 |
hexagonal |
- |
| chrysoberyl |
- |
R |
- |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
P |
- |
8 1/2 |
1.74-1.75 B |
.009 |
3.72 |
ortorombic |
BeAl2O4 |
|
coral |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| corundum |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Vi |
Gr |
9 |
1.76-1.78 U |
.008 |
4 |
trigonal |
Al2O3 |
|
danburite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| diamond |
Cles |
R |
- |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
Gr |
Bl |
10 |
2.42 |
I |
3.52 |
cubic |
C |
| diopside |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
G |
- |
- |
- |
Bl |
5 1/2 |
1.67-1.70 B+ |
0.024-0.030 |
3.26-3.32 |
monoclinic |
- |
|
enstatite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| feldspar
group |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
orthoclase |
Cles |
|
O |
Y |
- |
- |
Br |
W |
Gr |
6 - 6 1/2 |
1.518-1.526 B- |
0.005-0.008 |
2.58 |
monoclinic |
KalSi3O8 |
|
microcline |
- |
- |
- |
- |
G |
B |
|
W |
|
6 - 6 1/2 |
1.522-1.530 B- |
0.008 |
2.56 |
monoclinic |
- |
|
labradorite |
- |
- |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Gr |
Bl |
6 - 6 1/2 |
1.559-1.568 B+ |
0.009 |
2.70 |
triclinic |
- |
|
oligoclase |
- |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
Gr |
- |
6 - 6 1/2 |
1.539-1.547 |
0.007-0.010 |
2.65 |
triclinic |
Ca veya NaAlSi3O8 |
| florite |
P |
- |
- |
- |
G |
B |
- |
Vi |
- |
4 |
1.43to1.44 |
I |
3.0-3.2 |
cubic |
CaF2 |
| garnet
group |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
almandine |
P |
R |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Br |
- |
- |
7 1/2 |
1.76to1.81 |
I |
3.8-4.2 |
cubic |
Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| grossular |
- |
- |
O |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
- |
- |
7 1/4 |
1.74to1.75 |
I |
3.60to3.70 |
cubic |
Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
|
pyrope |
- |
R |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
7 1/4 |
1.74to1.76 |
I |
3.7-3.8 |
cubic |
Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| spessertine |
- |
R |
O |
- |
- |
- |
Br |
- |
- |
7 1/4 |
1.80to1.82 |
I |
4.2 |
cubic |
Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| andradite |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
- |
- |
6 1/2 |
1.89 |
I |
3.85 |
cubic |
Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 |
| glass
artificiel |
all
colours |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.0 - 2.2 |
1.50to1.70 |
I |
2.0-4.2 |
non-crystaline |
- |
| glass
natural |
- |
- |
- |
- |
G |
- |
Br |
- |
Bl |
5 - 51/2 |
1.50 |
I |
2.4 |
non-crystaline |
- |
| hematite |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gr |
Bl |
5 1/2 - 6 1/2 |
2.940-3.220 |
AGG |
5 |
hexagonal |
- |
| idocrase |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
Gr |
- |
6 1/2 |
1.713-1.718U |
0.001-0.012 |
3.40 |
tetragonal |
- |
| iolite |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
Br |
Vi |
- |
7 - 7 1/2 |
1.54-1.56B- |
0.008-0.012 |
2.57-2.61 |
orthorombic |
- |
| ivory |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
- |
- |
Br |
W |
- |
2 - 3 |
1.53to1.57 |
I |
1.7-2.0 |
non-crystaline |
organik, fosil |
|
jade group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
jadeit |
Be |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Vi |
Bl |
7 |
1.65to1.67 |
AGG |
3.30-3.36 |
monoclinic |
NaAl(SiO3)2 |
|
nefrite |
- |
- |
|
- |
Y |
BR |
W |
Gr |
Bl |
6 1/2 |
1.62 |
AGG |
2.80-3.10 |
monoclinic |
- |
|
jet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
kornerupin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| lapis
lazuli |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |
Vi |
- |
5 1/2 |
1.50 |
AGG |
2.70-2.90 |
cubic |
- |
| malachite |
- |
- |
- |
- |
G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4 |
1.85 |
AGG |
3.60-4.0 |
monoclinic |
CaMg(SiO3) |
| opal |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Mr |
Gr |
6 |
1.45 |
I |
bl,wh 2.10 fire 2 |
non-crystaline |
(MgFe)2(SiO3) 4 |
|
pearl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| peridot |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
- |
- |
6 1/2 |
1.65to1.69 B-or+ |
0.035 |
3.35 |
ortorombik |
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4 |
| pyrite |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6 1/2 |
|
I |
5 |
cubic |
- |
| quartz |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Vi |
Gr |
7 |
1.544-1.553 U |
0.009 |
2.65 |
trigonal |
SiO2 |
|
mikrokristalinquartz |
Wh |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Vi |
Gr |
6 - 7 |
1.53 to 1.54 U |
0.009 |
2.60 |
- |
- |
| rhodocrosite |
- |
R |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Be |
- |
- |
4 |
1.59-1.82 U- |
0.220 |
3.5-3.7 |
hexagonal |
- |
| rhodonite |
- |
R |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6 |
1.733-1.747 B+ |
0.010-0.014 |
3.6-3.7 |
triclinic |
- |
| scapolite |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
- |
- |
6 |
1.54-1.58 U- |
0.004-0.037 |
2.50-2.74 |
tetragonal |
- |
| serpantine |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
G |
- |
Br |
W |
Bl |
5 |
1.56 |
AGG |
2.6 |
monoclinic |
- |
|
sillimanite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sinhalite |
- |
- |
- |
Y |
- |
- |
Br |
- |
- |
6 1/2 |
1.67-1.71 B- |
0.038 |
3.47-3.50 |
orthorombic |
- |
| sodalit |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |
Vi |
- |
5 1/2 - 6 |
1.48 |
I veya AGG |
2.3 |
cubic |
- |
|
sphen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| spinel |
P |
R |
O |
|
G |
B |
|
Vi |
Bl |
8 |
1.712 |
I |
3.60 |
cubic |
Al(F,OH)2SiO4 |
| spodumen |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
- |
Vi |
Gr |
7 |
1.66-1.68 B+ |
0.015-0.016 |
3.17-3.19 |
monoclinic |
- |
| tanzanite(zoizite) |
- |
- |
O |
- |
G |
B |
Br |
Vi |
Gr |
6 1/2 |
1.69-1.70 B+ |
0.006-0.013 |
3.15-3.38 |
orthorombic |
- |
| topaz |
Cles |
K |
O |
Y |
- |
B |
Br |
Vi |
- |
8 |
1.61to1.64 B |
0.008-0.010 |
3.53 |
orthorombic |
Al2(Fe,OH)2SiO4 |
| tourmaline |
- |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
Vi |
Bl |
7 |
1.62to1.65 U |
0.018 |
3.01to3.11 |
trigonal |
- |
| turquoise |
- |
- |
- |
- |
G |
B |
- |
- |
- |
5 1/2 - 6 |
1.62 |
AGG |
2.6-2.9 |
triclinic |
NaAl(SiO3) |
| zircon |
Cles |
R |
O |
Y |
G |
B |
Br |
- |
- |
6 1/2 - 7 1/2 |
(1.78-1.84)(1.93-1.99)U |
0.059 |
3.9to4.7 |
tetragonal |
ZrSiO4 |
|